大工18秋《土木工程实验（一）》实验报告及要求（答案）

姓    名：                     
报名编号：                     
学习中心：                     
层    次：                      （高起专或专升本）
专    业：                     

实验一：水泥实验
一、实验目的：                                                          
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二、实验内容：
第1部分：水泥标准稠度用水量、凝结时间测定
实验仪器、设备：                                                    
                                                                    
1、水泥标准稠度用水量
（1）实验原理：                                                     
                                                                    
（2）实验数据及结果
不变水量法
用水量W（mL）       
试锥沉入值S（mm）       
标稠用水量P（%）
P= 33.4—0.185S       
2、水泥凝结时间测定
（1）实验原理：                                                     
                                                                    
（2）实验数据及结果
凝结
时间        初凝时间：             min
        终凝时间：             min
第2部分：水泥胶砂强度检验
1、实验依据：                                                     
                                                                    

2、实验仪器、设备：                                               
                                                                    

3、实验数据及结果
材料用量
（g）        水泥        标准砂        水
                       
龄期        28天
抗折强度        试件编号        1        2        3
        强度，MPa                       
        代表值，MPa
（计算方法见PPT）       
抗压强度        试件编号        1        2        3        4        5        6
        破坏荷载（Fi），kN                                               
        强度（Ri），MPa
（Ri=Fi×1000/A，其中A=1600mm2）                                               
        代表值，MPa
（计算方法见PPT）       

水泥检验项目合格性评定：
（1）水泥的凝结时间是否符合要求，是如何判定的？
                                                                    
                                                                    
（2）水泥胶砂强度是否符合要求，是如何判定的？
                                                                    
                                                                    

实验二：土的压缩试验
一、实验目的：                                                      
                                                                    
                                                                    

二、实验原理：
1、计算公式
（1）试样初始孔隙比：                  
（2）各级压力下试样固结变形稳定后的孔隙比：                  
（3）土的压缩系数：                         
（4）土的压缩模量：                                   

三、实验内容：
1、实验仪器、设备：                                               
                                                                    

2、实验数据及结果
施加压力等级kPa        施加压力后百分表读数
50       
100       
200       
400       

3、实验成果整理（见下页表格）

试样初始高度H0= 20mm                试样天然重度γ=18.7kN/m3                   
土粒比重Gs=2.7                       试样天然含水率w0=25%
试样初始孔隙比e0=                    百分表初始读数h0=
试验所加的各级压力（kPa）p        50        100        200        400
各级荷载下固结变形稳定后百分表读数（mm）hi                               
总变形量（mm）
=h0 -hi
                       
仪器变形量(mm)
Δi         0.122        0.220        0.275        0.357
校正后土样变形量(mm)
Δhi=  -Δi=h0 -hi -Δi                               
各级荷载下的孔隙比
ei                               
土的压缩系数(MPa-1)
a1-2       
土的压缩模量(MPa)
Es1-2       

四、实验结果分析与判定：
（1）根据实验结果，该土的压缩类别如何？
                                                                    
                                                                    

实验三：水准测量实验
一、实验目的：
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    

二、实验原理：
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    

三、实验内容：
1、实验仪器、工具：                                                 
                                                                    
                                                                    

2、水准仪的操作程序：                                               
                                                                    
                                                                    

3、实验数据及结果（见下页表格）

水准测量记录表
测站
编号        点号        后尺        下丝        前尺        下丝        标尺读数        后尺—前尺        高差
中数        高差
改正        高程
                        上丝                上丝                                       
                后视距        前视距        后尺        前尺                               
                视距差        ∑d                                               
1                                                                        13.650
                                                                       
                                1.234        0.960        0.274                       
                                                                       
2                                                                       
                                                                       
                                0.823        1.442        -0.619                       
                                                                       
3                                                                       
                                                                       
                                1.638        1.166        0.472                       
                                                                       
4                                                                       
                                                                       
                                1.135        1.257        -0.122                       
                                                                       
                                                                       
                                                                       
                                                                       
                                                                       
                                                                       
                                                                       
                                                                       
                                                                       

实验四：全站仪的认识与使用
一、全站仪的特点：
（1）                                                               
                                                                    
（2）                                                               
                                                                    
（3）                                                               
                                                                    
（4）                                                               
                                                                    

二、全站仪的构造：
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    

三、全站仪的安装：
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    
                                                                    

四、全站仪的测量结果：
测量项目        测试结果
角度测量       
距离测量       
坐标测量